Debian 12 systemctl 的使用

1、注册 systemctl 服务

编辑 .service 文件:

nano /etc/systemd/system/myapp.service

文件内容示例:

[Unit]
Description=My Custom Application
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /opt/myapp/app.py
Restart=always
User=nobody
Group=nogroup

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新加载 systemd 配置:

systemctl daemon-reload

启动服务:

systemctl start myapp

开机自启:

systemctl enable myapp

2、完全卸载一个 systemctl 服务

停止服务:

systemctl stop myapp

禁用开机自启:

systemctl disable myapp

删除服务文件:

rm /etc/systemd/system/myapp.service

重载 systemd 配置:

systemctl daemon-reload

(可选)清理残留信息

systemctl reset-failed myapp

3、查看服务日志(journalctl)

功能 命令示例
查看服务日志 journalctl -u nginx
实时跟踪日志 journalctl -f -u nginx
最近 50 行日志 journalctl -u nginx -n 50
当前启动日志 journalctl -u nginx -b
按时间范围过滤 journalctl --since "1 hour ago" -u nginx
按错误级别过滤 journalctl -u nginx -p err